Can an Infected Tooth Cause a Fever? Yes, and Here's Why
An infected tooth, also known as a dental abscess, can absolutely cause a fever. This isn't just a minor inconvenience; it's a sign that the infection is spreading beyond the confines of your tooth and is potentially impacting your overall health. Understanding why this happens is crucial for seeking prompt medical attention.
What is a Dental Abscess?
A dental abscess is a pocket of pus that forms around the root of a tooth or on the gum. This pus is a collection of white blood cells fighting off bacteria that have infected the tooth's pulp (the inner part containing nerves and blood vessels) or the surrounding tissues. The infection can stem from various sources, including:
- Untreated cavities: A deep cavity allows bacteria to reach the tooth's pulp, causing infection.
- Cracked or chipped teeth: These provide entry points for bacteria.
- Gum disease (periodontitis): Severe gum disease can lead to infections around the tooth roots.
- Previous dental work: Sometimes, infections can develop around old fillings or crowns.
How Does a Tooth Infection Cause a Fever?
When bacteria invade the tooth and surrounding tissues, your body's immune system kicks into high gear. White blood cells rush to the site of the infection to fight off the invading bacteria. This inflammatory response releases chemicals into the bloodstream, which can trigger a fever as your body tries to combat the infection. The fever is a systemic response, meaning it impacts your entire body, not just the area around the infected tooth. The higher the fever, the more severe the infection may be.
What Other Symptoms Might I Experience?
Besides a fever, several other symptoms can accompany an infected tooth:
- Severe toothache: This is often the first and most noticeable symptom.
- Swelling of the gums and face: The infection can cause significant inflammation in the surrounding tissues.
- Sensitivity to hot and cold: Your infected tooth may be unusually sensitive to temperature changes.
- Pus: You might notice a yellowish or whitish pus draining from the affected area.
- Bad breath: The infection can produce a foul odor.
- Difficulty swallowing or opening your mouth: This occurs due to the swelling.
- Swollen lymph nodes: These may be swollen in your neck or jaw area.
How High Can a Fever Get from a Tooth Infection?
The fever associated with a tooth infection can range widely, from mild (100-101°F or 38-38.3°C) to significantly higher. A high fever (above 103°F or 39.4°C) indicates a more serious infection and requires immediate medical attention.
What Should I Do If I Have a Fever and Toothache?
If you suspect you have a tooth infection causing a fever, see a dentist immediately. Do not attempt to treat it at home. A dentist can properly diagnose the infection, drain the abscess (if necessary), and prescribe antibiotics to combat the bacteria. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications, including the spread of infection to other parts of the body, such as the brain or bloodstream (leading to life-threatening conditions like sepsis).
Can a Tooth Infection Cause a Fever Without Other Symptoms?
While less common, it's possible to experience a fever as the primary or only noticeable symptom of a developing tooth infection. This is particularly true in the early stages or if the infection is subtle. Any unexplained fever, especially accompanied by jaw or facial discomfort, warrants a trip to the dentist.
How is a Tooth Infection Treated?
Treatment for a dental abscess usually involves:
- Drainage: The dentist will drain the pus from the abscess.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are prescribed to kill the bacteria and prevent the infection from spreading.
- Root canal: If the infection has reached the tooth's pulp, a root canal may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and save the tooth.
- Extraction: In some cases, the tooth may need to be extracted if it's too severely damaged.
Ignoring a tooth infection that causes a fever is never a good idea. Prompt dental care is crucial to prevent serious health complications. Your dental health is inextricably linked to your overall well-being, so don't delay seeking professional help.
